Evaluation of a Nafion Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode for Determination of Paraquat by Differential Pulse Voltammetry

نویسندگان

  • Ulisses M. F. de Oliveira
  • Jaim Lichtig
  • Jorge C. Masini
چکیده

Este trabalho apresenta uma avaliação de um eletrodo de carbono vítreo recoberto com filme de Nafion para a determinação de paraquat em águas de rio e urina por voltametria de pulso diferencial. O filme foi formado adicionando-se 4 μL de uma solução de Nafion 4% (m/v) na superfície do eletrodo, seguindo-se evaporação do solvente com luz infra-vermelha. A máxima relação sinal/ruído foi obtida em meio de tampão Britton-Robinson 40 mmol L com pH 12 como eletrólito suporte. Utilizando-se um tempo de acumulação de 5 min em circuito aberto, o limite de detecção foi de 0,7 μg L, enquanto o limite de quantificação foi de 1,0 μg L, com uma faixa de resposta linear até 12 μg L. Nestas condições, uma série de dez experimentos revelou um desvio padrão relativo de 2,2% para uma solução de paraquat 10 μg L. A formação de par iônico em solução foi o principal fator de erro nas análises. Apesar do filme evitar a adsorção de espécies aniônicas na superfície do eletrodo, o paraquat sofre fortes associações em solução com substâncias húmicas, proteínas, argilas, surfactantes aniônicos, etc. Estas interações diminuem a acumulação do paraquat no filme de Nafion e, em conseqüência, diminuem a magnitude da corrente de pico de redução, requerendo que as quantificações sejam feitas por adição de padrão. Recuperações entre 87 e 106% foram obtidas para amostras de água de rio e urina enriquecidas aos níveis de 1,0 e 3,0 μg L.

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تاریخ انتشار 2004